Population-based cancer control research is defined as which of the following?

• A. Health services research
• B. Population-based cancer control research
• C. Clinical outcomes research
• D. Molecular cancer biology research

Answer: (B)

Population-based cancer control research focuses on preventing and controlling cancer across whole populations, using public health approaches, epidemiology, screening programs, policy, and program evaluation to reduce cancer incidence and mortality and to address disparities. The option that directly names this field matches the definition: population-based cancer control research. Other fields describe different scopes—health services research looks at how care is organized and financed, clinical outcomes research examines results of care at the patient level, and molecular cancer biology investigates cellular/molecular mechanisms. Therefore, the best answer is the one that explicitly refers to population-based cancer control research.