The p value for the odds ratio is 0.61, therefore there is a statistical association between height and prostate cancer risk. True or False?

• A. True
• B. Not determinable
• C. There is a strong association
• D. False

Answer: (D)

Interpreting the p-value is about whether the observed association is unlikely under no real effect. A p-value of 0.61 means there is a 61% chance of observing an odds ratio as extreme or more if height truly had no effect on prostate cancer risk. This is far above the conventional 0.05 threshold for significance, so there isn’t evidence of a statistically significant association between height and prostate cancer risk. Even if the odds ratio appears elevated, the result isn’t statistically supported, and the confidence interval would typically include 1. Therefore, the statement is false.