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Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT among the three major types of cancer for which evidence-based cancer control intervention strategies are currently available?

The key idea is that some cancers have well-established, population-level interventions that have been shown to reduce mortality and are widely applied in public health programs. For breast, colorectal, and lung cancers, there are clear, evidence-based strategies: routine screening that reduces deaths (such as mammography for breast cancer, colonoscopy or stool-based tests for colorectal cancer), and broad tobacco-control measures plus targeted screening for high-risk groups in lung cancer. Prostate cancer, however, does not have the same level of consensus about routine, population-wide screening and intervention benefits; the benefits of PSA-based screening are mixed and carry risks like overdiagnosis and overtreatment, so it’s not included among the three major cancers with established, evidence-based cancer control strategies.

The key idea is that some cancers have well-established, population-level interventions that have been shown to reduce mortality and are widely applied in public health programs. For breast, colorectal, and lung cancers, there are clear, evidence-based strategies: routine screening that reduces deaths (such as mammography for breast cancer, colonoscopy or stool-based tests for colorectal cancer), and broad tobacco-control measures plus targeted screening for high-risk groups in lung cancer. Prostate cancer, however, does not have the same level of consensus about routine, population-wide screening and intervention benefits; the benefits of PSA-based screening are mixed and carry risks like overdiagnosis and overtreatment, so it’s not included among the three major cancers with established, evidence-based cancer control strategies.